Grinding in is necessary when fitting valves, both new and old, as it sorts out any scoring and ensures the face and seat of the valve are sloped at the same angle and there is a large area of contact. When new valves are fitted to re-cut seats grinding is still important as the valve face is cut to a slightly smaller angle to that of the cylinder head, which means there is very little contact area. The right contact area is achieved by grinding, but only requires fine and coarse carborundum paste, a cheap tool, and some patience. To start with, place the cylinder head upside down on a bench with blocks of wood for valve stem clearance. Apply a trace of coarse paste on the face of the seat, place the head of the valve into a suction tool and insert it into the cylinder head. Lightly press on the tool as it is rotated in a to and fro movement and then lift the valve, give it a quarter or half turn and repeat. Once a dull, matt, even surface finish has developed on both the valve seat and valve, wipe off coarse paste and change to fine paste, continuing to lift and turn valve. The grinding operation is finished when a smooth unbroken ring of light grey finish is visible on both surfaces. Aim for a certain seat width and if it is too wide cut it down with an oil stone by rounding off the corners carefully. After grinding, thoroughly clean all traces of the grinding compound with paraffin or petrol, making sure to get none in the ports or valve guides.