Volvo S40 Vacuum Pump provides the necessary negative vacuum to ensure that the brakes, HVAC doors and various emission control systems operate despite the fact that the diesel or direct injection engines in this sedan are not capable of generating the necessary vacuum in the manifold itself. Early designs made use of a small-sized diaphragm or piston Vacuum Pump, which was directly driven by the camshaft, and whose up-and-down strokes forced the air out of the booster circuit and the engine oil flowed through the housing as a lubricant. With the evolution of the model, Volvo applied rotary vane pumps attached at the end of the camshaft that rotate with the valve train, with their sliding vanes sweeping chambers to draw air and provide a more constant vacuum up to a maximum of twelve psi below ambient. In other versions the vane section is combined with a fuel pump to save space, and the new cars could use a separate electric unit that maintains the pressure low even on occasions of engine stop-start and does not steal mechanical power. No matter what style Volvo is, the pump does all the same functions, providing a light brake pedal, shiftable blend doors to provide correct cabin temperature, turbo geometry control, and EGR or exhaust flaps to reduce emissions. To keep the second generation S40 safe, Volvo owners should look out for an abrupt stiffening of the pedal, changes in air flow, rough idle since the solenoids lose their assistive function and a gauge reading that is lower than 8.8 psi as an indicator of failure of the Vacuum Pump that needs to be replaced.
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