The hydraulic pressure of the master cylinder is converted into the clamp-like Brake Caliper that applies the gripping force of the pads onto the disc to provide the Volvo S40 with the confidence to stop. The iron body is fitted with one or more steel or phenolic pistons mounted on seals and dust boots, a bleeder screw to force air out, and an opening to receive the flexible hose, which all act to convert pedal force to friction at the rotor. The modern Volvo Brake Caliper is available in two styles as opposed to the previous designs of the Volvo S40 which had drums. The fixed units are clamped as rigid as the bracket and use pistons on either side of the rotor and exert equal pressure on each pad and they fit spirited Volvo drivers who like solid pedal feel. The more popular floating Brake Caliper mounts on greased slide pins and only carries the piston inboard; when fluid force is applied to the piston, it moves the housing, clamping both pads and ensuring that weight is kept low and maintenance is easy. Some rear assemblies have a screw-type parking brake system installed such that the unit clamps the car upon halting. Leaking seals, frozen pistons, or pinned corrosion may cause a soft pedal, pulling, grinding or uneven pad wear to the S40 owner, indicating the need to check the hardware before rotor damage sets in and retain the reputed Volvo braking feel.
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