The essence of the work of the Volvo V70 Alternator is to convert engine movement into a continuous stream of electricity that keeps the battery charged and all the devices in the car running as you drive. The rotor is a belt-driven motor inside a small two-piece aluminum shell that rotates around fixed stator windings to induce a magnetic field, which produces an alternating current, which is in turn converted into the direct current needed by the vehicle electrical network by built-in diodes. The rotor shaft is supported by a front housing where the pulley and cooling fan are located, and after this comes the rear housing where the brushes, a rectifier, and, in most designs, a voltage regulator are located. The earlier Volvo models applied either an external regulator fitted with bolts or an internal regulator, but the later models, such as recent V70 models, allow the powertrain control module to do this electronically, avoiding undercharging as well as overcharging with much closer accuracy. Throughout the history of the brand, there are two primary forms of excitation, the classic field coils which require external current to produce magnetism, and the less common permanent magnet type which produces its own field and is easier to get going. Volvo vehicles have changed through the generations, moving the control of the regulators to the PCM and making the wiring less complex. Whichever the style, every Alternator should rectify three-phase AC output and supply the battery. In contemporary Volvo units, the vented housings and the front fan take care of cooling so that there is uniformity in performance under different loads on the engines. All in all, the Alternator has been transformed into an intelligent energy manager rather than a plumbed-in generator that is part and parcel of the vehicle's electronics.
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