The Volvo S40 Oil Pump is the core of the engine lubrication mechanism that forces pressurized oil to the bearings, pistons and camshaft to ensure that heat and friction are kept under heavy control and that all moving surfaces remain safely apart. Within the pump housing, there are sharp gears, springs and gaskets that withdraw the oil from the sump via a mesh strainer, push it through the filter and cooler and pump it to all the galleries at an approximate pressure of 10 psi per 1000 rpm. Volvo utilized various crank-driven designs in its Oil Pump during the course of production. There is a direct-drive version that encircles the crankshaft and rotates on a gear attached to the crank nose, with gear-drive and chain-drive units attached adjacent to the crank and rotating around similar gears or a short chain and sprockets. A third crankcase-mounted version is based on a different driveshaft, the hex ends of which should remain sharp to transfer torque. Every Volvo design has a pressure relief valve which opens when the readings are too high and needs to have a minimum clearance between the gears and the housing to contain pressure. An activated dash light or analogue gauge (when a switch is actuated or a sending unit is threaded in an oil gallery) alerts the driver in case the oil pressure drops. Since high-revving engines normally possess broad bearing clearances, Volvo performance manuals suggest that a high-volume Oil Pump be applied to ensure continuous movement, which maintains the durability of each of the S40 models.
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