The Volvo V50 Water Pump maintains the temperature of the engine in the compact wagon at a safe level by forcing coolant through the block and to the radiator. The aluminum housing contains a pulley-driven shaft rotating on closed bearings, the impeller of which forces coolant from the lower radiator hose into the water jacket, then back into the radiator. This is the core of the cooling system of any modern Volvo and is indicative of the emphasis of the brand on reliable engineering. The majority of the previous models depend on a belt which joins the crankshaft to the mechanical Water Pump, such that flow speed increases and decreases with engine rpm. Later in the production years, some of the versions were redesigned to incorporate an electric Water Pump, which utilizes a small motor, to maintain a constant circulation during engine idle or when stopping momentarily and as such does not produce a drag on the part belt. The similarities between the mechanical unit and its electric counterpart include the main components, i.e., the shaft seal which keeps the coolant away from the bearings, and the cast body which is attached by bolts close to the thermostat unit. Previously, cast iron was the choice, but lighter aluminum is applied throughout the Volvo cooling systems because it transfers heat faster and reduces mass. Instructions are obvious, as the drips from the vent hole turn color, the bearings become loose, or the temperature indicator is on the rise due to a broken impeller, and frequent replenishment of the coolant does not allow the second V50 to suffer those hiccups and makes every Volvo engine run cool.
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