The Volvo 940 Fuel Pressure Regulator maintains the injection system at the correct pressure that the engine requires at any speed and load. This Volvo Fuel Pressure Regulator is mounted on the fuel rail and has a spring-backed diaphragm, a vacuum port, and a return passage to the tank that balances the pump output in relation to the conditions in the manifold, trimming the pressure down during idle but clamping it higher when the throttle opens. Practically, the unit is a back-pressure valve, which remains largely closed until the inlet force exceeds the spring; the less common pressure-reducing type of the other circuits operates in the reverse normally open style; and the two basic types of regulators are given in factory literature, a distinction also acknowledged in Volvo service manuals. Any jamming of the valve or blockage of the return line increases pressure to the point of a rich mixture, loss of fuel economy, and increased emissions, whilst a missing spring or diaphragm leakage will starve the rail and result in a lean stumble. Fast driveway tests (like pulling the vacuum hose to check that a pressure increment has occurred, or pinching the return hose to check whether the numbers are increasing) can be applied to tell the difference between a worn-out pump and a dead Fuel Pressure Regulator. The subsequent 940 models did not change much, including the back-pressure design, and variations were reduced primarily to minor spring adjustments, allowing all Volvos from early production to the last production to meet factory fueling requirements and providing Volvo drivers with assurance that their cars would perform consistently.
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