The main advantage of the Volvo S80 Power Steering Pump is that it provides the hydraulic muscle that allows a driver to swing the wheel with one hand rather than struggle with two hands, particularly when doing a parking exercise. The pump is driven by a belt attached to the crankshaft and forces the fluid out of its reservoir into the control valve within the steering rack through a high-pressure hose. Central placement of the wheel means the fluid force is applied equally on both sides of the rack piston to enable the car to follow a straight line. Rotate the wheel and the valve causes the flow to move only to one side of the piston to provide hydraulic assistance in the desired direction and quickly moves the fluid back to the reservoir via a low-pressure line. Initial S80 models applied a purely hydraulic and belt-driven Power Steering Pump with fixed output, while later models of the Volvo sedan applied a hydraulic unit with electronic control of flow, creating a light feel at urban speeds and a firmer feel at highway speeds. The new design, available in particular Volvo models, uses an all-electric motor-driven pump instead of a belt and pulley, which reduces fuel consumption and offers more free space under the hood. Irrespective of version, spillages, noises from a loose belt, or whining due to depleted fluid can be indications that the Power Steering Pump requires checking. Volvo balances comfort and road feel by providing less steering effort while maintaining a mechanical connection to the wheels.
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