Volvo 242 Fuel Pump forces the fuel from the tank either to the carburetor or fuel injection unit to ensure that the engine receives the exact amount of fuel required to burn cleanly. The Volvo models that applied carburetors in their early stages operated with an engine-side mechanical Fuel Pump that was driven by a camshaft eccentric and pulled the fuel at low pressure, between six and fifteen psi, which was the range that was optimal to fill the float bowl without flooding it. It is a mechanism that relies on a lever and diaphragm that are applied to draw the fuel in and move it along each time a cam is turned. Subsequent models of Volvo with fuel injection changed to an electric Fuel Pump, which is buried in the tank, with the motor remaining cool due to the immersion, which allows the system to build the forty to sixty psi required by the injectors. The in-tank design in addition to high pressure reduces the risk of fire and enables the electronic control circuit and relay to turn off the pump when a collision occurs or during a drop in voltage levels. Both categories of pumps are rated by flow, which is in gallons or liters per hour, and there is a simple equation for horsepower to select the correct capacity, about half a pound of fuel per horsepower in naturally aspirated driving. When a 242 turns but will not start, it is common to check pump noises first, then check the voltage, then the pressure and volume to determine whether the assembly is to be replaced, as Volvo engines are always willing to start.
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